Your skin is the first line of defense against infection. It acts as a barrier, preventing harmful microbes from entering your body. Specialized immune cells in the skin help fight off invading organisms. These cells are part of the innate immune system, which is the body's first line of defense against infection.
Here's how your skin fights infections:
- Physical Barrier: The outer layer of skin, called the epidermis, is made up of tightly packed cells called keratinocytes. This barrier prevents most bacteria, viruses, and fungi from entering the body.
- Chemical Defense: The skin produces chemicals that kill microbes, such as sebum (oil), sweat, and antimicrobial peptides.
- Immune Cells: The skin is home to a variety of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. These cells work together to identify and destroy pathogens.
- Skin Microbiota: The skin hosts a diverse community of beneficial bacteria, collectively known as the skin microbiota. These bacteria help to keep harmful bacteria in check and prevent infections.
For example, if you get a cut or scrape, the skin's barrier is broken, and bacteria can enter. The immune cells in the skin will then go to work to fight off the infection.
In addition to these natural defenses, you can also help protect your skin from infection by practicing good hygiene:
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
- Keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered with a bandage.
- Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors and towels.
- Practice safe sex.
