Special foundations are a distinct type of foundation defined by their unique structural components and primary purpose: they are foundations in which an assemblage of beams or rods is employed for the purpose of distributing any load.
Core Definition and Purpose
Unlike more conventional foundation designs, special foundations are engineered with an internal structure specifically designed for enhanced load distribution.
- Key Components: The defining characteristic of special foundations is their use of an assemblage of beams or rods. These structural elements form an integrated network within the foundation.
- Primary Purpose: The main goal of incorporating these beams or rods is to effectively distribute any load that the foundation bears. This capability is crucial for ensuring stability, preventing concentrated stress points, and managing complex load scenarios.
Common Applications of Special Foundations
These specialized foundations are not typically found in every construction project but are specifically utilized in scenarios where their unique load-distributing properties are most critical. As outlined in their definition, special foundations are:
- Underpinning Party Walls: Commonly employed when underpinning party walls. Underpinning is a process of strengthening and stabilizing the foundations of an existing structure, often necessitated by issues like settlement, increased structural loads, or changes to adjacent properties. Special foundations provide the necessary support to redistribute loads effectively in such delicate situations.
- New Basement Construction: Frequently used in association with the construction of a new basement. When a new basement is excavated, especially next to existing structures that share party walls, special foundations help manage the altered load paths and provide robust support to the existing building during and after the construction phase.
Summary of Special Foundations
To consolidate the understanding of special foundations, here's a brief overview:
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Definition | Foundations that use an assemblage of beams or rods to distribute load. |
| Composition | Incorporates beams or rods within its structure. |
| Function | Designed for efficient load distribution. |
| Primary Use | Underpinning party walls. |
| Context | Often associated with the construction of new basements. |
