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What is a Spinal Bleed?

Published in Spinal Hemorrhage 2 mins read

A spinal bleed, also known as spinal cord hemorrhage, is a rare but serious condition involving spontaneous bleeding into the spinal cord.

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

  • Definition: It's the occurrence of bleeding within the spinal cord itself (intramedullary hemorrhage) or around the spinal cord (extramedullary hemorrhage).

  • Causes: While traumatic injury is a common cause, spinal bleeds can also arise from:

    • Vascular Malformations: Abnormal formations of blood vessels in or around the spinal cord (e.g., arteriovenous malformations or cavernous malformations).
    • Coagulation Disorders: Conditions that affect blood clotting, such as hemophilia or anticoagulant medication use.
    • Tumors: Bleeding from spinal cord tumors.
    • Infections: Rarely, infections can lead to inflammation and bleeding.
    • Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause remains unknown.
  • Symptoms: Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of the bleed, but can include:

    • Sudden back pain
    • Weakness or paralysis in the arms or legs
    • Numbness or tingling
    • Bowel or bladder dysfunction
    • Headache
  • Diagnosis: Diagnosing a spinal bleed typically involves:

    • MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the preferred imaging technique for visualizing the spinal cord and identifying bleeding.
    • CT Scan: Computed Tomography can be used, but is less sensitive than MRI for detecting spinal cord bleeds.
    • Angiography: To investigate potential vascular malformations.
  • Treatment: Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. Options may include:

    • Observation: For small bleeds with minimal symptoms.
    • Medications: To manage pain and other symptoms.
    • Surgery: To remove blood clots, repair vascular malformations, or decompress the spinal cord.
    • Rehabilitation: Physical and occupational therapy to help regain lost function.

In summary, a spinal bleed is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to minimize potential neurological damage. While trauma is a significant cause, other factors like vascular abnormalities and blood clotting disorders can also contribute.