A spinal bleed, also known as spinal cord hemorrhage, is a rare but serious condition involving spontaneous bleeding into the spinal cord.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
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Definition: It's the occurrence of bleeding within the spinal cord itself (intramedullary hemorrhage) or around the spinal cord (extramedullary hemorrhage).
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Causes: While traumatic injury is a common cause, spinal bleeds can also arise from:
- Vascular Malformations: Abnormal formations of blood vessels in or around the spinal cord (e.g., arteriovenous malformations or cavernous malformations).
- Coagulation Disorders: Conditions that affect blood clotting, such as hemophilia or anticoagulant medication use.
- Tumors: Bleeding from spinal cord tumors.
- Infections: Rarely, infections can lead to inflammation and bleeding.
- Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause remains unknown.
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Symptoms: Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of the bleed, but can include:
- Sudden back pain
- Weakness or paralysis in the arms or legs
- Numbness or tingling
- Bowel or bladder dysfunction
- Headache
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Diagnosis: Diagnosing a spinal bleed typically involves:
- MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the preferred imaging technique for visualizing the spinal cord and identifying bleeding.
- CT Scan: Computed Tomography can be used, but is less sensitive than MRI for detecting spinal cord bleeds.
- Angiography: To investigate potential vascular malformations.
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Treatment: Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. Options may include:
- Observation: For small bleeds with minimal symptoms.
- Medications: To manage pain and other symptoms.
- Surgery: To remove blood clots, repair vascular malformations, or decompress the spinal cord.
- Rehabilitation: Physical and occupational therapy to help regain lost function.
In summary, a spinal bleed is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to minimize potential neurological damage. While trauma is a significant cause, other factors like vascular abnormalities and blood clotting disorders can also contribute.