Spinal tuberculosis (TB), also commonly known as Pott's spine, is an extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis that affects the vertebral column. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium TB.
Understanding Spinal Tuberculosis (Pott's Spine)
Spinal TB is a significant manifestation of tuberculosis that occurs outside the lungs. While TB is most commonly associated with the lungs, it can spread to other parts of the body, including the spine.
What is It?
Pott's spine is the direct involvement of the spinal column by Mycobacterium TB. It is categorized as an extrapulmonary form of TB, meaning it develops in organs or tissues other than the lungs. This condition primarily affects the vertebrae and can lead to severe complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
How Does it Spread?
Spinal TB typically results from the hematogenous spread of infection. This means the Mycobacterium TB bacteria travel through the bloodstream from a primary infection site to the spine. This central focus of infection can originate from:
- The lungs: Often, the initial infection is in the lungs, and bacteria migrate from there.
- Another location: The bacteria can also spread from other infected areas in the body.
Associated Condition: Pott's Paraplegia
A severe complication that can arise when the spine is involved with tuberculosis is Pott's paraplegia. This condition refers to paralysis or weakness in the lower half of the body, which occurs due to the spinal cord being compressed or damaged by the infection, inflammation, or bone destruction caused by the TB.
Key Characteristics of Spinal TB
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Common Name | Pott's spine |
| Causative Agent | Mycobacterium TB |
| Form of TB | Extrapulmonary TB (occurs outside the lungs) |
| Mechanism of Spread | Hematogenous spread (via the bloodstream) from a central focus, often the lungs or another infected site |
| Potential Complication | Pott's paraplegia (paralysis or weakness due to spinal cord involvement) |
Importance of Early Diagnosis
Early diagnosis of spinal TB is crucial to prevent irreversible damage to the spine and spinal cord, such as vertebral collapse, deformity, and neurological deficits like Pott's paraplegia. Treatment typically involves a long course of anti-tuberculosis medication.
