The fundamental rule for subject-verb agreement with "each" and "every" is that both always require a singular verb. This holds true regardless of whether they precede a singular or plural noun within a phrase.
Understanding the Rule
Both "each" and "every" emphasize the individual items within a group, even if the group itself is plural. They direct the focus to one unit at a time, thereby requiring singular verb forms. When indefinite words with singular meanings—such as each and every—are the subject noun, or when they come before the subject noun, they take a singular verb.
Subject-Verb Agreement with "Each"
"Each" can function as a pronoun or a determiner. When "each" is the subject, or acts as a determiner for the subject, the verb must be singular.
- "Each" as the Subject: Even if followed by a prepositional phrase containing a plural noun, the verb remains singular because "each" is the true subject.
- Example: Each of the players has a chance to win. (Here, "each" is the subject, not "players.")
- "Each" as a Determiner: When "each" comes directly before a singular noun, the verb is singular.
- Example: Each student is given a comprehensive report.
- Compound Subjects with "Each": If "each" precedes two or more singular subjects joined by "and," the verb remains singular.
- Example: Each boy and each girl was given an equal opportunity.
Subject-Verb Agreement with "Every"
"Every" functions exclusively as a determiner, always preceding a singular noun. It similarly emphasizes individuality within a collective, thus consistently requiring a singular verb.
- "Every" with a Singular Noun: The verb will always be singular.
- Example: Every car has passed the inspection.
- Example: Every detail was meticulously checked.
- Compound Subjects with "Every": Similar to "each," when "every" precedes two or more singular subjects joined by "and," the verb remains singular.
- Example: Every cat and every dog needs regular veterinary care.
Practical Examples and Common Mistakes
Understanding this rule is crucial for clear and grammatically correct writing. A common error is to mistakenly use a plural verb when "each" or "every" is followed by a plural noun in a prepositional phrase, or when part of a compound subject.
| Category | Correct Usage (Singular Verb) | Incorrect Usage (Plural Verb) | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Each" as Subject | Each of the students is ready. | Each of the students are ready. | "Each" is the subject, not "students." |
| "Every" as Determiner | Every employee receives a bonus. | Every employee receive a bonus. | "Every" always takes a singular noun and singular verb. |
| Compound Subject | Every desk and every chair was cleaned. | Every desk and every chair were cleaned. | Even with multiple items, "every" makes the subject singular in focus. |
| "Each" and Compound Subject | Each book and each movie has a unique appeal. | Each book and each movie have a unique appeal. | "Each" ensures a singular verb even with "and" joining singular subjects. |
To avoid these errors, remember that both "each" and "every" fundamentally highlight individual components, compelling the use of a singular verb form.
