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What is the Butterfly Rule in Swimming?

Published in Swimming Rules 4 mins read

The butterfly rule in swimming dictates the specific technique required for the arm stroke, primarily focusing on the simultaneous and over-water recovery of both arms. This fundamental rule ensures fairness and maintains the distinct nature of the butterfly stroke.

Core Definition of the Butterfly Arm Stroke Rule

At its heart, the butterfly rule states that both arms must be brought forward simultaneously over the water. This means that during the recovery phase of the stroke – when the arms move from the hips back to the front to begin the next pull – they must move together in unison and clear the water's surface completely. For clarity, an arm is defined as the part of the body extending from the shoulder to the wrist, and the rule emphasizes that both entire arms must recover over the water.

Key Aspects and Requirements

Adhering to the butterfly rule is crucial for a legal stroke and involves several precise elements:

  • Simultaneous Movement: From the moment the hands leave the water at the end of the propulsive phase until they re-enter at the start of the next stroke, both arms must move forward and outward at the exact same time. Any staggered or alternative movement will result in a disqualification.
  • Recovery Over Water: The entire arm, from shoulder to wrist, must be brought forward above the surface of the water. Dragging any part of the arm, such as the elbow or forearm, in the water during this recovery phase is a violation.
  • Arm Definition: The rule specifically defines the "arm" as the segment from the shoulder to the wrist. This clarifies the extent of the body part that must clear the water.
  • Continuous Motion: While arms must recover over water, there are no specific requirements for the hand entry point, as long as it's simultaneous.

Why the Rule is Crucial

The butterfly rule is a cornerstone of competitive swimming for several reasons:

  • Ensures Fairness: It prevents swimmers from gaining an unfair advantage by altering the stroke mechanics to reduce drag or improve efficiency in a way that deviates from the standard.
  • Maintains Stroke Integrity: The simultaneous over-water arm recovery is a defining characteristic of the butterfly stroke, distinguishing it from other strokes like the freestyle or breaststroke.
  • Promotes Consistency: Standardized rules ensure that all competitors are judged by the same criteria, leading to more consistent and equitable competition.

Common Infractions and How to Avoid Them

Violations of the butterfly arm rule are common and often lead to disqualifications (DQs) in races. Understanding these infractions can help swimmers refine their technique.

Infraction Description
Non-Simultaneous Arms One arm begins its recovery or enters the water significantly before the other.
Underwater Arm Recovery Any part of the arm, particularly the elbow or forearm, touches or drags in the water during the forward recovery phase. This is often called "arm drag."
One Arm Recovery While rare, attempting to recover only one arm or an alternate arm movement is a clear violation.

To avoid these common infractions:

  • Focus on the "Sweep": During recovery, think of your arms sweeping wide and high over the water.
  • Maintain Elbows High: Ensure your elbows are leading the recovery movement and stay elevated above the water.
  • Drill Regularly: Practice drills that emphasize proper arm recovery, such as single-arm butterfly (focusing on the non-pulling arm staying straight out front) or using a kickboard to isolate the arm motion.
  • Coach Feedback: Regularly seek feedback from coaches who can observe your technique from different angles.

Role of Officials

Stroke and turn judges are strategically positioned around the pool to observe every swimmer's technique, specifically looking for compliance with rules like the butterfly arm recovery. They are trained to identify even subtle violations to ensure fair competition.

Understanding and mastering the butterfly arm rule is essential for any swimmer aiming to legally and effectively execute this powerful and demanding stroke. Consistent practice with proper form is key to avoiding disqualifications and achieving peak performance. For more detailed rules, refer to official swimming regulations from bodies like World Aquatics (formerly FINA) or USA Swimming.