The International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) split primarily due to a fundamental disagreement between its founder, General Choi Hong-hi, and the South Korean government over the acceptance of North Korean political influence on the martial art.
The Genesis of the Disagreement
Initially, the ITF, under the leadership of General Choi Hong-hi, received some support from the South Korean president, largely facilitated by their personal relationship. However, this early support proved to be fragile and eventually deteriorated as General Choi's vision for the global expansion of Taekwondo began to clash with the political sensibilities and objectives of the South Korean government, especially concerning inter-Korean relations.
The Core Conflict: North Korean Influence
The pivotal point of contention emerged when General Choi Hong-hi pursued initiatives that involved introducing Taekwondo to North Korea and allowing for North Korean participation and influence within the International Taekwon-Do Federation. This move was viewed with significant apprehension by the South Korean government. During the Cold War era, any perceived legitimization or acceptance of North Korean involvement in an organization, particularly one representing a martial art strongly associated with South Korean national identity, was deemed unacceptable.
- Political Divergence: The South Korean government sought to maintain a clear distinction and opposition to North Korea, while General Choi, driven by his desire to spread Taekwondo universally, was willing to engage with the North.
- National Identity vs. Global Spread: The government saw Taekwondo as a symbol of South Korea, while Choi prioritized its expansion globally, even if it meant crossing political divides.
Withdrawal of Support and Subsequent Impact
This escalating political disagreement reached a critical juncture in 1972, when the South Korean government officially withdrew its support for the International Taekwon-Do Federation. This decisive action effectively formalized the split, creating a void that led to the establishment of rival Taekwondo organizations and marking a significant turning point in the history and development of the martial art.
