Taekwondo ranking is a system of belts and grades (gups and dans) that signify a student's progress and skill level in the martial art. Let's break down how it works:
Belt Levels and Gups
Taekwondo utilizes a belt system, where each color represents a different stage of learning and expertise. Within the colored belt ranks (before black belt), there are "gups," which signify a specific grade or level of proficiency within that belt color. Generally, a lower gup number indicates more advanced knowledge.
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White Belt: Typically the starting point for beginners; has no associated gup.
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Colored Belts (Gups): These belts usually follow a progression like this, though the specific colors and order can vary by school:
- Yellow Belt (9th Gup or Yellow I) - Most junior colored belt.
- Yellow Stripe Belt (8th Gup or Yellow II)
- Green Belt (7th Gup or Green I)
- Green Stripe Belt (6th Gup or Green II)
- Blue Belt (5th Gup or Blue I)
- Blue Stripe Belt (4th Gup or Blue II)
- Red Belt (3rd Gup or Red I)
- Red Stripe Belt (2nd Gup or Red II)
- Brown Belt (1st Gup or Red III) - The most senior colored belt. Some schools use brown instead of red with stripe.
Earning Higher Ranks
To advance through the ranks, students must demonstrate proficiency in several areas, often including:
- Forms (Poomsae): Pre-arranged sequences of movements that demonstrate technique and balance.
- Sparring (Kyorugi): Controlled fighting against an opponent, emphasizing technique, strategy, and control.
- Breaking (Kyokpa): Demonstrating power and precision by breaking boards or other materials.
- Self-Defense (Hosinsul): Techniques for defending against various attacks.
- Knowledge of Taekwondo Theory and Terminology: Understanding the history, philosophy, and principles of Taekwondo, as well as the Korean terminology.
- Attitude and Conduct: Displaying respect, discipline, and a positive attitude, both inside and outside the dojang (training hall).
Dan Ranks (Black Belts)
After achieving 1st Gup (the highest colored belt rank), students can test for their 1st Dan black belt. Dan ranks signify mastery of the fundamental techniques and concepts of Taekwondo. Black belt ranks continue to progress from 1st Dan to 9th Dan, with each higher dan representing greater skill, experience, and leadership within the Taekwondo community. Advancement to higher Dan levels requires significant time, dedication, and often contributions to the art.
In summary, Taekwondo ranking is a structured system that uses colored belts and grades to track a student's journey from beginner to master, requiring dedication, skill development, and a strong understanding of Taekwondo principles.
