Tuberculosis (TB) in girls is the same disease as in boys or adults, caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. However, TB's impact and presentation can differ based on factors like age and reproductive health.
TB's Manifestations in Girls and Women:
- Pulmonary TB: This is the most common form, affecting the lungs, and is similar in presentation to TB in males. Symptoms include cough, fever, weight loss, and fatigue.
- Genital TB (FGTB): Female genital tuberculosis is a significant cause of infertility worldwide. The bacteria spreads to the reproductive organs, most commonly affecting the fallopian tubes and/or endometrium. This often presents asymptomatically, leading to underdiagnosis. [Source: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important cause of morbidity and infertility worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis most commonly spreads to the genital tract from a focus elsewhere in the body and affects the bilateral fallopian tubes and/or endometrium. ]
- TB during Pregnancy: While TB treatment is safe during pregnancy, the infection is linked to complications like premature birth and low birth weight. [Source: While TB treatment is safe during pregnancy, maternal TB infection has been linked to complications such as premature birth, low birth weight and increased side…] Treatment options exist, prioritizing the health of both mother and child. [Source: The preferred initial treatment regimen is INH, rifampin (RIF), and ethambutol (EMB) daily for 2 months, followed by INH and RIF daily, or twice weekly for 7…]
- TB and HIV Co-infection: Women with HIV are at a greater risk of developing TB. [Source: In women with HIV, TB preventive therapy poses greater risk in ...] Preventive therapy is available, such as with isoniazid, and can be initiated during or after pregnancy. [Source: Treatment with the antibiotic isoniazid to prevent TB was similarly safe if begun during pregnancy or 12 weeks after delivery.]
- Extra-pulmonary TB: TB can affect other organs besides the lungs, including bones (like Pott's disease, which can lead to paralysis). [Source: Blessing Ihunwo and her daughter Winner, who contracted potentially deadly Pott's disease following a minor injury.]
Addressing TB in Girls and Women:
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. This often involves chest X-rays, sputum tests, and other diagnostic tools. The Global Fund is committed to addressing gender inequality in TB care. [Source: The Global Fund is committed to addressing gender inequality in all the work that we do – not only through specific support related to gender equality and…]
