Medications and substances that can cause birth defects are known as teratogens. These can significantly harm a developing fetus, leading to structural abnormalities, growth restrictions, or functional problems. It is crucial for individuals who are pregnant or planning to conceive to discuss all medications and supplements with a healthcare provider.
Medications and Substances Linked to Birth Defects
Several medications and recreational substances have been identified as posing a risk of birth defects during pregnancy. These include:
Medication/Substance | Common Use/Type | Potential Risks to Fetus |
---|---|---|
ACE Inhibitors | High blood pressure, heart failure | Kidney problems, fetal growth restriction, low amniotic fluid, and other developmental issues. |
Angiotensin II Antagonists | High blood pressure, heart failure | Similar risks to ACE inhibitors, including kidney and growth problems. |
Isotretinoin | Severe acne treatment | Severe birth defects affecting the brain, heart, face, and intellectual development. |
Alcohol | Recreational substance | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), leading to growth problems, facial abnormalities, and central nervous system issues. |
Cocaine | Illicit drug | Premature birth, low birth weight, birth defects of the brain, heart, and urinary tract. |
High Doses of Vitamin A | Vitamin supplement | Defects affecting the heart, central nervous system, and face. |
Lithium | Bipolar disorder | Cardiac abnormalities (e.g., Ebstein's anomaly), though the overall risk is still being studied. |
Importance of Professional Consultation
Given the potential risks, it is essential for anyone who is pregnant or considering pregnancy to:
- Review all medications: Discuss any prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, herbal remedies, and supplements with a doctor.
- Avoid self-medication: Never start or stop any medication without medical guidance.
- Seek advice on illicit substances: If using recreational drugs like alcohol or cocaine, seek immediate support to stop, as these pose significant risks to fetal development.
Understanding which substances can harm a developing baby is a vital step in ensuring a healthy pregnancy. For more information on medications and pregnancy, you can consult resources such as the Better Health Channel.