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What Medications Cause Birth Defects?

Published in Teratogenic Medications 2 mins read

Medications and substances that can cause birth defects are known as teratogens. These can significantly harm a developing fetus, leading to structural abnormalities, growth restrictions, or functional problems. It is crucial for individuals who are pregnant or planning to conceive to discuss all medications and supplements with a healthcare provider.

Medications and Substances Linked to Birth Defects

Several medications and recreational substances have been identified as posing a risk of birth defects during pregnancy. These include:

Medication/Substance Common Use/Type Potential Risks to Fetus
ACE Inhibitors High blood pressure, heart failure Kidney problems, fetal growth restriction, low amniotic fluid, and other developmental issues.
Angiotensin II Antagonists High blood pressure, heart failure Similar risks to ACE inhibitors, including kidney and growth problems.
Isotretinoin Severe acne treatment Severe birth defects affecting the brain, heart, face, and intellectual development.
Alcohol Recreational substance Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), leading to growth problems, facial abnormalities, and central nervous system issues.
Cocaine Illicit drug Premature birth, low birth weight, birth defects of the brain, heart, and urinary tract.
High Doses of Vitamin A Vitamin supplement Defects affecting the heart, central nervous system, and face.
Lithium Bipolar disorder Cardiac abnormalities (e.g., Ebstein's anomaly), though the overall risk is still being studied.

Importance of Professional Consultation

Given the potential risks, it is essential for anyone who is pregnant or considering pregnancy to:

  • Review all medications: Discuss any prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, herbal remedies, and supplements with a doctor.
  • Avoid self-medication: Never start or stop any medication without medical guidance.
  • Seek advice on illicit substances: If using recreational drugs like alcohol or cocaine, seek immediate support to stop, as these pose significant risks to fetal development.

Understanding which substances can harm a developing baby is a vital step in ensuring a healthy pregnancy. For more information on medications and pregnancy, you can consult resources such as the Better Health Channel.