Before it officially joined the United States, Texas was known as the Republic of Texas.
From 1836 until 1845, Texas operated as an independent country, distinct from both Mexico and the United States. This period marked a significant chapter in its history, following its successful bid for independence from Mexico.
The Path to Statehood
Texas's journey to becoming a U.S. state involved several historical shifts:
- Spanish Colony: For centuries, the territory was part of the Spanish colonial empire.
- Mexican Possession: After Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821, Texas became a Mexican territory.
- Republic of Texas (1836-1845): Growing tensions between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government led to the Texas Revolution. Following its victory, Texas declared its independence in 1836, establishing itself as the Republic of Texas, also known as the Lone Star Republic. This independent status lasted for nine years.
- U.S. State: In 1845, the Republic of Texas agreed to annexation by the United States, officially becoming the 28th U.S. state.
This timeline illustrates the progression of Texas's political status:
Period | Status | Key Event(s) |
---|---|---|
Pre-1836 | Spanish Colony / Mexican Possession | Mexican independence from Spain (1821) |
1836 – 1845 | Republic of Texas (Independent Country) | Texas Revolution, establishment of the Republic |
1845 – Present | U.S. State | Annexation by the United States |
The period as the Republic of Texas is crucial, as it defines what Texas was called and was immediately before its statehood, functioning as its own sovereign nation with its own government, currency, and diplomatic relations.