Different theoretical frameworks provide various lenses through which researchers can understand and analyze phenomena. Based on information from resources like the researcher.life blog, key types include Inductive, Empirical, and Normative frameworks.
Theoretical frameworks guide research by providing a structure and direction for investigation. While many frameworks exist depending on the discipline and research question, common types discussed in research methodology include those that differ in their approach to knowledge building and data use.
Here are some different theoretical frameworks as highlighted in the provided reference:
| Type | Definition | Typical Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Inductive | Starts with data and then develops a hypothesis | Used in qualitative research |
| Empirical | Focuses on the collection and analysis of empirical data | Used in scientific research |
| Normative | Defines a set of norms that guide behavior | Used in ethics and social sciences |
Inductive Theoretical Frameworks
An inductive framework begins with observations and data collected from the real world. Instead of testing a pre-existing theory, the researcher analyzes the data to identify patterns, themes, or relationships. From these patterns, a hypothesis or even a new theory is developed. This approach is particularly common in qualitative research, where the goal might be to explore a phenomenon deeply and understand its nuances from the ground up.
Empirical Theoretical Frameworks
An empirical framework places a strong emphasis on observable evidence or empirical data. Researchers using this framework design studies to collect data through observation, experiments, or surveys that can be measured and analyzed objectively. The focus is on verifying or refuting hypotheses through systematic data collection and analysis, which is a cornerstone of scientific research across various disciplines, from natural sciences to social sciences.
Normative Theoretical Frameworks
A normative framework is concerned with values, standards, and norms that guide behavior and evaluate outcomes. Unlike empirical frameworks that describe what is, normative frameworks often delve into what ought to be. They are frequently used in fields like ethics, philosophy, and certain areas of social sciences (like political science or public policy) to analyze moral principles, evaluate policies against certain standards, or understand prescriptive rules within a society or group.
Understanding these different theoretical frameworks helps researchers choose the most appropriate lens for their specific research question and methodology.
