Putting mortar on tile (or, more accurately, putting mortar under tile to adhere it to a substrate) requires careful application for a strong and lasting bond. Here's how:
Steps for Applying Mortar to Tile
- Prepare the Surface: Ensure the substrate (floor or wall) is clean, dry, level, and free of debris, dust, and loose particles. Repair any cracks or imperfections.
- Mix the Mortar: Follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing the mortar. Use a clean bucket and mixing paddle. The consistency should be like peanut butter – not too runny, not too stiff. Let it slake (rest) for the recommended time, then remix briefly before use.
- Select the Correct Trowel: Choose the right trowel type and notch size. This is crucial for proper mortar coverage. The notch size depends on the size and type of tile. Consult the tile manufacturer’s recommendations. Common notch shapes include square-notch, U-notch, and V-notch. Larger tiles require larger notches.
- Apply the Mortar: Scoop a generous amount of mortar onto the substrate.
- Trowel the Mortar: Hold the trowel at a 45-degree angle and spread the mortar evenly, pressing firmly to ensure good contact with the substrate. Work in small sections that you can tile within the mortar's open time (the time it remains workable). Spread the mortar completely to the layout lines.
- Comb the Mortar: After spreading, hold the trowel at a 45-degree angle and comb through the mortar, creating uniform ridges. This creates channels for air to escape when the tile is pressed into place, ensuring full contact. Pull the trowel straight; don't wobble.
- Set the Tile: Immediately place the tile onto the mortared surface with a slight twisting motion to embed it fully.
- Check for Coverage: Periodically lift a tile to check for proper mortar coverage. You should aim for at least 80% coverage for dry areas and 95% coverage for wet areas like showers. Adjust your trowel notch size if necessary to achieve better coverage.
- Clean Excess Mortar: Remove any excess mortar from the tile surface and grout lines while it's still wet.
Key Considerations:
- Open Time: Mortar has a limited open time. Work quickly and don’t apply more mortar than you can tile within that time frame.
- Mortar Type: Select the appropriate mortar type for your tile and application (e.g., thin-set mortar, large-format tile mortar, epoxy mortar). Consider factors like tile material, substrate material, and environmental conditions (moisture, temperature).
- Back Buttering (Optional): For larger tiles or challenging installations, consider back-buttering each tile with a thin layer of mortar to ensure complete coverage.
By following these steps, you can ensure a strong and long-lasting tile installation.
