Amtrak trains primarily use diesel fuel for their operations across most of their network, though specific corridors, such as the Northeast Corridor, are powered by electricity.
Diesel Fuel: Amtrak's Primary Power Source
A vast majority of Amtrak's train services are powered by diesel locomotives. This reliance on diesel means that Amtrak's operations are highly dependent on fossil fuels. These powerful diesel engines enable trains to run on tracks that are not electrified, connecting cities and towns across the United States where overhead lines or third rails are not present.
Environmental Impact of Fuel Use
The choice of fuel significantly impacts Amtrak's environmental footprint. Train operations are a major contributor to Amtrak's carbon emissions, accounting for 82% of its total carbon footprint. A substantial portion of these emissions—specifically, 65% of the carbon footprint from train operations—is directly attributed to the use of diesel fuel. This highlights diesel as the predominant source of greenhouse gas emissions for the rail service.
Electric Power: A Key Component for Select Routes
While diesel powers most of the network, electric locomotives are utilized on specific, electrified routes. These electric trains draw power from overhead lines (catenary systems) or third rails. The most notable example of electric train operation is in the Northeast Corridor, which spans from Washington D.C. to Boston, via major cities like Philadelphia and New York. Electric trains offer advantages such as lower localized emissions and often quieter operation compared to diesel locomotives.
Amtrak's blend of diesel and electric power allows it to serve a diverse range of routes, balancing operational flexibility with environmental considerations.
