Inverse translation is a translation performed from the translator's native language into another language.
Understanding Inverse Translation
According to Shuttleworth & Cowie (1997: 90), inverse translation is "a term used to describe a translation, either written or spoken, which is done from the translator's native language, or language of habitual use". It is explicitly defined as the opposite of direct translation.
Key Characteristic
The defining feature of inverse translation is the direction of the work: the translator is working from their strongest language (native or habitual) into a language they have learned.
Inverse vs. Direct Translation
Understanding inverse translation is easier when contrasted with its counterpart:
| Feature | Inverse Translation | Direct Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Source Language | Translator's native/habitual language | A foreign language |
| Target Language | A foreign language | Translator's native/habitual language |
| Direction | From Native to Foreign | From Foreign to Native |
While direct translation is generally considered the standard direction for professional translators (working into their native language), inverse translation is a distinct skill set with its own applications and challenges.
When is Inverse Translation Used?
Inverse translation is often necessary in specific contexts:
- Export & International Business: Translating marketing materials, product descriptions, or company information from a company's native language into foreign languages for international markets.
- Government & Diplomacy: Translating official documents, reports, or speeches from a country's language for international audiences.
- Personal Communication: Translating personal correspondence or documents when the recipient speaks a foreign language.
- Creative Writing: Authors translating their own work into another language.
Challenges and Considerations
Performing effective inverse translation requires a very high level of proficiency in the target foreign language, including:
- Cultural Nuances: Ensuring the translation is culturally appropriate and resonates with native speakers of the target language.
- Idiomatic Expression: Using natural-sounding phrases and idioms in the target language, which can be difficult when not translating into one's native tongue.
- Style and Tone: Accurately conveying the original style and tone in the target language.
While demanding, inverse translation is a vital service in a globalized world, facilitating communication and information exchange across linguistic borders.
