UV-C light works by disrupting the DNA and RNA of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, rendering them unable to replicate and cause infection. In essence, it destroys their ability to function.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
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UV-C light is electromagnetic radiation. It falls within the ultraviolet spectrum, specifically in the range of 200-280 nanometers.
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It damages genetic material. When UV-C light strikes a microorganism, its high energy is absorbed by the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). This absorption alters the structure of these molecules, creating what are called thymine dimers or other types of lesions.
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Disruption of Replication and Function: The damage to the DNA or RNA prevents the microorganism from replicating. Without the ability to replicate, the germ cannot multiply and cause infection. Furthermore, the damage can also disrupt essential cellular processes by damaging proteins.
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Effectiveness on Different Microorganisms: UV-C light is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including:
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Mold
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Applications: Because of its ability to disinfect, UV-C light is used in various applications:
- Surface Disinfection: Used to sanitize surfaces in hospitals, laboratories, and other environments.
- Air Disinfection: Employed in HVAC systems and portable air purifiers to kill airborne pathogens.
- Water Disinfection: Used in water treatment plants to eliminate microorganisms from drinking water.
- Medical Equipment Sterilization: Used to sterilize surgical instruments and other medical devices.
In simple terms, UV-C light acts as a potent germicide by scrambling the genetic code of harmful microorganisms, preventing them from reproducing and causing harm.
