The primary cost to become a U.S. citizen with a green card is the naturalization application fee, which is currently $760. This fee is paid to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) for processing Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. However, it's important to note that this fee can sometimes be reduced or waived entirely for eligible applicants.
Understanding the Core Naturalization Fee
The $760 naturalization fee covers the processing of your application, including the biometrics appointment (fingerprints and background checks). This is the standard fee for most applicants filing the Form N-400.
While $760 is the most commonly cited fee for the N-400 application when filed on paper, USCIS offers a slightly reduced fee of $710 if filed online. For simplicity and to reflect the information available, the $760 figure covers the typical cost for many applicants.
What the N-400 Fee Covers:
- Processing of your naturalization application.
- The biometrics services fee for fingerprinting and background checks.
- Scheduling of your naturalization interview.
- Processing for the oath of allegiance ceremony.
Eligibility for Fee Waivers and Reductions
A significant aspect of the cost of naturalization is the possibility of having the fee reduced or waived. USCIS offers these options to ensure that the cost does not become a barrier to citizenship for eligible individuals.
You may qualify for a full fee waiver if you can demonstrate that you:
- Are currently receiving a means-tested public benefit (e.g., Medicaid, SNAP, SSI).
- Have a household income at or below 150% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines.
- Are experiencing financial hardship that prevents you from paying the fee, such as significant medical expenses or job loss.
To request a fee waiver, you must submit Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver, along with your Form N-400 application and supporting documentation. USCIS will review your request and make a determination.
For more detailed information on current fees and fee waiver eligibility, you can visit the official USCIS website for Form N-400.
Potential Additional Expenses
While the $760 application fee is the main direct cost to USCIS, applicants should be aware of potential additional expenses that may arise during the naturalization process. These costs are highly variable and depend on individual circumstances.
Common Additional Costs:
- Legal Assistance: Many applicants choose to hire an immigration attorney to help them prepare and submit their application, especially if their case is complex (e.g., criminal history, extensive travel, or previous immigration issues).
- Cost Range: Legal fees can vary widely, from a few hundred dollars for basic review to several thousand for full representation throughout the process.
- Document Translation and Certification: If any of your supporting documents (e.g., birth certificates, marriage licenses, divorce decrees) are not in English, you will need to provide certified English translations.
- Cost Range: Translators typically charge per page or per word, ranging from $20 to $100+ per document.
- Travel Expenses: You will need to attend appointments, including biometrics, the naturalization interview, and the oath of allegiance ceremony. Travel costs can include transportation, parking, or even accommodation if you live far from a USCIS office.
- Cost Range: Highly variable based on distance and mode of transport.
- Passport Application: After becoming a U.S. citizen, you may wish to apply for a U.S. passport, which involves separate fees.
- Cost Range: A U.S. passport book currently costs $130 (plus a $35 execution fee if applying in person at an acceptance facility).
- Mailing Costs: While seemingly minor, mailing your application packet, especially if it's extensive, can incur postal charges.
- Cost Range: Typically under $20 for certified mail with tracking.
Summary of Potential Costs for U.S. Citizenship
The table below provides a breakdown of the typical and potential costs associated with becoming a U.S. citizen with a green card:
| Cost Type | Estimated Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Naturalization Application (N-400) | $760 | Paid to USCIS; includes biometrics fee. May be waived or reduced for eligible applicants. |
| Legal Assistance (Optional) | $500 - $5,000+ | Varies significantly based on attorney's rates, case complexity, and scope of services. |
| Document Translation/Certification (If needed) | $20 - $100+ per document | Required for any foreign-language documents. |
| Travel Expenses (Biometrics, Interview, Oath) | Varies | Dependent on your location, distance to USCIS office, and mode of transportation. |
| U.S. Passport Application (Optional) | $165 (Book + Execution Fee) | For a standard passport book. Separate fees apply for expedited services or passport cards. |
| Mailing Costs | $10 - $25 | For secure mailing of your application packet. |
Managing Your Citizenship Costs
Becoming a U.S. citizen is a significant step, and understanding the financial aspects is crucial. Here are some practical tips to manage the costs:
- Check Fee Waiver Eligibility: Always investigate whether you qualify for a fee waiver or reduction first. This can significantly reduce your financial burden.
- Gather Documents Early: Organize all required documents and ensure they are in English or translated by a certified translator. Proactive preparation can prevent last-minute expenses or delays.
- Self-Preparation vs. Legal Aid: If your case is straightforward and you feel confident navigating the application process, consider preparing the N-400 yourself to save on legal fees. USCIS provides detailed instructions and resources.
- Budget for Incidentals: Account for minor costs like passport photos, printing, and postage.
In conclusion, while the core USCIS naturalization fee is $760, the total cost to become a U.S. citizen can vary, potentially including legal fees, document services, and travel. Careful planning and understanding of fee waiver opportunities can help manage these expenses effectively.
