The Atacama Desert in Chile is cited as one of the locations on Earth with the highest surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This is due to its high altitude, frequent cloudless skies, and relatively low total ozone column. While pinpointing a single country with the absolute highest UV levels across its entire territory is difficult, the Atacama Desert's exceptionally high UV levels make Chile a strong contender.
Other countries with consistently high UV levels include Australia and New Zealand, frequently cited among those with the highest skin cancer rates, which are strongly correlated with UV exposure. Countries in South America, such as Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina, also experience high UV radiation levels in certain regions.
It's important to note that UV levels vary significantly based on location within a country, time of year, and time of day. A high UV index in one area doesn't mean the entire country experiences equally high levels.
Factors Contributing to High UV Levels:
- Altitude: Higher altitudes mean less atmospheric protection from UV radiation.
- Ozone Depletion: Lower ozone levels in the atmosphere allow more UV radiation to reach the surface.
- Cloud Cover: Clear skies allow for more direct exposure to UV radiation.
- Latitude: Closer proximity to the equator results in more intense solar radiation.
While several countries experience periods of high UV, the Atacama Desert in Chile stands out as a location with consistently high UV radiation. Further research may refine the specific area with the absolute highest average UV index.
