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Can You Live in Vatican City?

Published in Vatican City Residency 3 mins read

Living in Vatican City is possible, but it is highly restricted and reserved for a very specific population. It is not open to the general public seeking residence.

Who Can Live in Vatican City?

Residency in Vatican City is predominantly limited to those who serve the Holy See and are granted Vatican citizenship. To become a resident, one must have their citizenship approved by the Pope or papal authority. The primary residents are individuals directly involved in the governance and operation of the smallest independent state in the world.

Key groups who are considered citizens and may reside in Vatican City include:

  • Cardinals: Many Cardinals reside within Vatican City or in Rome, serving in various capacities within the Holy See.
  • Diplomats: Individuals serving as diplomats accredited to the Holy See.
  • Other Authorized Personnel: This includes members of the Swiss Guard, clergy, and a small number of lay workers whose roles are essential for the Vatican's functioning.

Unique Aspects of Vatican Citizenship and Residency

Vatican City has a distinctive approach to citizenship and residency, unlike most nations:

  • Service-Based Citizenship: Citizenship is primarily granted based on holding a specific office, serving the Holy See, or residing there due to one's official duties. It is generally temporary, lasting only as long as the individual holds their position or serves the Vatican.
  • No Birthright Citizenship: As there are no hospitals within Vatican City, it is technically impossible for anyone to be born there. Citizenship is never acquired by birthright.
  • Dual Nationality: Most Vatican citizens retain their original nationality, making Vatican citizenship often a form of dual nationality, tied to their service rather than exclusive national identity.

Pathways to Vatican Residency

Gaining citizenship or the right to reside in Vatican City is not a matter of general application but rather an exclusive privilege tied to specific roles and appointments within its unique structure.

Category Description Requirements
High Clergy Cardinals, archbishops, and other high-ranking clergy who hold offices within the Roman Curia or other Vatican institutions. Appointment to a specific ecclesiastical office by papal authority.
Diplomats Individuals representing the Holy See in its diplomatic relations or foreign diplomats accredited to the Holy See. Official accreditation as a diplomat by the Holy See.
Vatican Staff Members of the Pontifical Swiss Guard, essential administrative personnel, and other lay workers directly employed by the Vatican City State. Employment and approval for residency by papal authority.