"Broke down" primarily means to cease to function or to succumb to emotional distress. This phrasal verb carries different implications depending on the context in which it's used.
It can describe the failure of a mechanical object or system, or it can refer to a person's emotional collapse. Understanding the context is key to discerning the precise meaning.
Understanding "Broke Down"
The phrase "broke down" can be interpreted in two main ways, reflecting a failure of either physical integrity or emotional stability.
1. Functional or Physical Failure
When something breaks down in this sense, it means it has ceased to operate or has failed in its strength or vitality. This usage is very common when referring to machinery, systems, or even a person's physical health.
- Definition: To stop working or become inoperative due to a mechanical failure, damage, or a decline in health.
- Examples:
- A vehicle that stops running: "The car broke down on the side of the highway, forcing us to call for a tow."
- A machine that malfunctions: "The old washing machine frequently broke down, needing constant repairs."
- A system that collapses: "Negotiations between the two parties broke down, leading to a stalemate."
- Declining health: "After months of intense stress, her health began to break down."
2. Emotional or Mental Collapse
This meaning refers to a person's loss of emotional control, often resulting in crying, a display of intense sadness, or a general inability to cope with mental or emotional stress.
- Definition: To succumb to significant mental or emotional stress, leading to a loss of composure, often evidenced by crying.
- Examples:
- Expressing profound grief: "He broke down and cried when he heard the tragic news."
- Overwhelmed by pressure: "After weeks of working tirelessly, she finally broke down from exhaustion and stress."
- Reacting to a difficult situation: "The witness broke down on the stand under the intense questioning."
Contextual Meanings of "Broke Down"
To clarify the distinct meanings, consider the following table:
| Meaning Category | Implication | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Functional Failure | An object or system ceases to operate properly. | "The engine broke down mid-journey." |
| Physical Decline | A person's health or strength deteriorates. | "His body broke down under the strain of the illness." |
| Emotional Collapse | A person loses emotional control or composure. | "She broke down in tears after the argument." |
For further clarification on the verb "break down" and its various uses, you can consult reputable sources such as Merriam-Webster's dictionary.
