PU/PD, which stands for polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst), is a symptom, not a disease in itself. It is often caused by underlying medical conditions in both dogs and cats.
Here's a breakdown of common causes:
Common Causes in Dogs
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Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's Disease): This condition involves the overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. The excess cortisol interferes with the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine, leading to PU/PD.
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Diabetes Mellitus: This occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it produces. The resulting high blood sugar levels spill into the urine, drawing water with it and causing increased urination and thirst.
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Kidney Diseases: Various kidney diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney infections, impair the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine, leading to PU/PD.
Common Causes in Cats
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Diabetes Mellitus: As in dogs, feline diabetes can cause PU/PD due to elevated blood glucose levels and subsequent glucose in the urine.
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Hyperthyroidism: This condition results from an overactive thyroid gland, producing excessive thyroid hormones. While the exact mechanism isn't fully understood, hyperthyroidism is strongly associated with PU/PD in cats.
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Kidney Diseases: Similar to dogs, impaired kidney function in cats, often due to CKD, can lead to PU/PD.
Other Potential Causes (Dogs and Cats)
- Pyometra (in unspayed female dogs and cats): This is a uterine infection that can cause PU/PD.
- Liver disease: The liver plays a role in fluid regulation.
- Electrolyte imbalances: Issues like hypercalcemia (high calcium) can cause PU/PD.
- Medications: Some medications, such as diuretics or corticosteroids, can induce PU/PD.
- Psychogenic polydipsia: In rare cases, excessive water drinking can occur due to behavioral issues.
It is important to consult a veterinarian to determine the specific underlying cause of PU/PD in your pet, as accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing the condition and improving your pet's health.
