The most common virus causing conjunctivitis (pink eye) is adenovirus.
While conjunctivitis can be caused by bacteria, allergies, or other irritants, viral conjunctivitis is highly prevalent, and adenovirus is the leading culprit. Other viruses can also cause conjunctivitis, but adenovirus is the most frequent.
Viral Conjunctivitis: Adenovirus and Other Causes
Here's a breakdown of viral conjunctivitis and the viruses involved:
- Adenovirus: This is the most common viral cause of conjunctivitis. Adenoviruses are a group of viruses that can cause a range of illnesses, including respiratory infections and, in this case, pink eye.
- Other Viruses: While adenovirus is the most common, other viruses that can cause conjunctivitis include:
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV): More serious than adenovirus conjunctivitis, can potentially threaten vision.
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV): Causes chickenpox and shingles; can also affect the eye.
- Picornaviruses (enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus A24): Can cause epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (EHC).
- Molluscum contagiosum virus: Causes raised, pearly nodules on the skin, including the eyelids, leading to conjunctivitis.
Symptoms of Viral Conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis typically presents with the following symptoms:
- Redness in one or both eyes
- Watery discharge
- Itching or burning sensation
- Gritty feeling in the eye
- Swollen eyelids
- Increased sensitivity to light
Transmission and Prevention
Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and can spread through:
- Direct contact with infected secretions
- Touching contaminated surfaces
- Respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing)
To prevent the spread of viral conjunctivitis:
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
- Avoid touching your eyes.
- Do not share personal items such as towels, washcloths, and eye makeup.
- Use a clean tissue to wipe discharge from your eyes.
- Stay home from school or work to prevent further transmission.
Treatment
Viral conjunctivitis is usually self-limiting and resolves within 1-2 weeks. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms:
- Artificial tears: To lubricate the eyes and relieve discomfort.
- Cold compresses: To reduce swelling and inflammation.
- Antiviral medications: In severe cases or for specific viral causes (e.g., HSV, VZV), a doctor may prescribe antiviral eye drops or ointments.
In summary, while several viruses can cause conjunctivitis, adenovirus is the most common culprit. Practicing good hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of this contagious condition.
