You likely get a stomach virus (viral gastroenteritis) every year because you're exposed to the viruses that cause it through contaminated food, water, or close contact with infected individuals.
Understanding Viral Gastroenteritis
Viral gastroenteritis, often called a "stomach bug" or "stomach flu" (though it's unrelated to influenza), is an infection of the digestive system caused by viruses. These viruses cause inflammation in the stomach and intestines, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.
Common Ways You Might Get Exposed
Several factors contribute to recurring infections:
- Contaminated Food and Water: This is a primary route of transmission. Viruses like Norovirus are easily spread through food and water that has been contaminated by infected individuals or through improper handling.
- Close Contact with Infected Individuals: Stomach viruses are highly contagious. Sharing utensils, towels, or even being in close proximity to someone who is sick can easily lead to infection.
- Norovirus Prevalence: Norovirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis, known for its ability to survive on surfaces and its ease of transmission. Outbreaks are common in crowded environments like schools, daycare centers, and cruise ships.
- Poor Hygiene Practices: Inadequate handwashing, especially after using the restroom or before preparing food, significantly increases the risk of infection.
- Seasonal Factors: While stomach viruses can occur year-round, some, like Rotavirus (more common in children), have seasonal patterns. Norovirus tends to be more prevalent during colder months.
- Weakened Immune System: Although not always the primary cause, a compromised immune system may make you more susceptible to infections generally, potentially including viral gastroenteritis.
Steps You Can Take to Prevent Recurrent Infections
While it's impossible to completely eliminate the risk, you can significantly reduce your chances of getting a stomach virus:
- Frequent Handwashing: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the restroom and before preparing or eating food. Use hand sanitizer when soap and water aren't available.
- Safe Food Handling: Ensure food is cooked to the appropriate temperature and stored properly to prevent bacterial growth. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
- Avoid Sharing: Refrain from sharing utensils, cups, and towels with others.
- Disinfect Surfaces: Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, countertops, and faucet handles, especially if someone in your household is sick.
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids helps your body fight off infection and recover more quickly.
- Isolate When Sick: If you have symptoms of a stomach virus, stay home from work or school to prevent spreading it to others.
- Consider Vaccination (for Rotavirus): While primarily for infants and young children, Rotavirus vaccination significantly reduces the risk of severe Rotavirus infections.
- Improve Immune System: Adequate sleep, a healthy diet, and regular exercise can bolster your immune system.
When to See a Doctor
Most cases of viral gastroenteritis resolve on their own within a few days. However, seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Severe dehydration (decreased urination, dizziness)
- High fever
- Bloody stool or vomit
- Severe abdominal pain
- Inability to keep down fluids
Recurring stomach viruses are often due to repeated exposure to common viruses like Norovirus through contaminated sources or close contact. Implementing strict hygiene practices and being mindful of food safety can significantly reduce your risk.
