Reverse osmosis (RO) filters work by using pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane, effectively separating water molecules from contaminants. This process produces purified water on one side of the membrane and a concentrated stream of contaminants on the other.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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Pre-filtration: Before water reaches the RO membrane, it often passes through pre-filters. These remove larger particles like sediment, chlorine, and other substances that could damage or clog the membrane.
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Pressurization: A pump increases the pressure of the pre-filtered water, forcing it against the semipermeable membrane.
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Reverse Osmosis Membrane: The heart of the system. This membrane has extremely small pores that allow water molecules to pass through but block most other substances, including:
- Dissolved salts (sodium, chloride, etc.)
- Minerals
- Heavy metals (lead, mercury, etc.)
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Other organic and inorganic contaminants
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Separation: As pressurized water flows against the membrane, pure water is forced through, leaving the contaminants behind.
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Waste Water (Concentrate): The water containing the rejected contaminants is flushed away. The ratio of purified water to waste water varies depending on the system and water quality.
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Post-filtration (Optional): Some RO systems include post-filters to further polish the water, removing any remaining tastes or odors.
In Summary: RO filters use pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane, separating pure water from contaminants, which are then flushed away. This process results in highly purified water.
