Portugal remained neutral throughout World War II, primarily because its long-standing alliance with Britain allowed for non-intervention as Britain did not request its military assistance.
Portugal's Strategic Neutrality in WWII
At the outbreak of World War II, many nations were compelled to choose sides, but Portugal maintained a policy of neutrality. This stance was not arbitrary but rooted in a centuries-old diplomatic agreement and the specific circumstances of the conflict.
The Enduring Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
A pivotal factor in Portugal's decision was its ancient diplomatic bond with the United Kingdom. Dating back over 550 years, the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance is one of the oldest in the world. On September 1, 1939, as World War II officially began, the Portuguese Government publicly affirmed that this historic alliance remained fully intact.
Britain's Decision and Portugal's Freedom to Remain Neutral
Despite the existence of this alliance, Britain did not seek military assistance from Portugal. This specific detail was crucial. Because the British did not request their aid, Portugal was left "free to remain neutral" in the war, a path it subsequently chose to follow. This unique situation allowed Portugal to navigate the global conflict without becoming a direct military participant.
Key Factors in Portugal's Non-Intervention
The following table summarizes the key elements that underpinned Portugal's decision to remain neutral:
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Historical Alliance | The 550-year-old Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was explicitly confirmed as still active by the Portuguese Government at the war's onset. |
| British Stance | Critically, the British government did not seek military assistance from Portugal, thereby not triggering the alliance's intervention clauses. |
| Portuguese Decision | Given the lack of a British request, Portugal was at liberty to declare and maintain its neutrality throughout the conflict. |
This strategic neutrality allowed Portugal to avoid the direct devastation of war and maintain diplomatic and economic relations with both Allied and Axis powers, albeit carefully balancing its position.
For further information on Portugal's role during this period, refer to historical records on the subject.
